Posts tagged social science

Posted 1 year ago
Hi Andrew. Thank you for keeping this tumblr firstly, you make me want to get one too. But of course, laziness dictates otherwise. :) I consider myself leaning towards the left too, but as I read more into Marxism, I find it increasingly a theory that appeals to the underclass as an overly-simplistic explanation of their disposition, not a rigorous and systematic way of analysis. It comes across as a slightly deductive explanation to the state of society today. Especially when it comes to international relations, I find that Marxism seems to be unpopular with academics. What do you think, and are there anyone that I should read with regards to this? Thank you! - Nich
Anonymous asked

Hi, Nich. Thanks for your compliments, and sorry about the extreme delay in response.

I share a great deal of Marxist intuitions, but I, like you, sometimes have considerable doubt about the conclusions that many Marxist writers reach with them. I think the lack of rigor you point to in analysis refers to the tendency towards sloppy functional explanation, a point that John Roemer quite accurately describes. Though I’m not familiar with the field of international relations, I can imagine the critiques made of Marxist variants of it: that state actions are too readily described in terms of actions that benefit capitalists without making anything more than a cursory attempt to understand the reasons given by people in charge of the state. I think this is a good point, and I think many Marxists make the mistake of reading a functional/economic explanation into a given situation without adequately researching the causal factors that led to it. Perhaps there have been Marxist replies to these critiques- I cannot do much more than speculate about them, given my unfamiliarity with international relations.

As far as recommended writers, I would say probably pretty much any of the Marxist geographers: David Harvey, Neil Smith, Doreen Massey, and J.K. Gibson-Graham are all very good at what they do. Harvey’s The Limits to Capital in particular is a very important work, and I think you’ll find that it certainly doesn’t lack for rigor. You might also want to look at the work of the analytical Marxists: G.A. Cohen, John Roemer, and  Robert Brenner are all good examples. Though watch out for any of the game-theoretic analyses that came out of that tradition- they rely on rational choice theory, which I find highly suspect. In particular, you might want to look at Cohen’s Karl Marx’s Theory of History: A Defense, which is a robust reconstruction of Marx’s analysis of productive forces and economic development. I hope this helps.

Posted 1 year ago

Finally, I also think we have to ask ourselves what kind of practices would follow if we accepted Barnes’ and Rorty’s arguments. One line of critique is that such views are critically disabling… Rorty’s favoured ironists cannot present descriptions of society as empowering or emancipating by claiming they reveal real structures of oppression or injustice. Yet emancipation in real social systems may clearly require more than redescription; it may require the transformation of real and enduring social structures whose mechanisms of oppression need to be accurately identified.

Even worse, it has been suggested, Rorty’s voluntarism encourages fleeting paradigm shifts and exotic redescriptions which are largely judged on aesthetic grounds. To Bhaskar (1985: 134–35), Rorty’s project smacks of ‘an ideology for a leisured elite … neither racked by pain nor immersed in toil – whose lives may be devoted to the practice of aesthetic enhancement’. Even more harshly, Haack (1994: 139) warns, ‘there would be no honest intellectual work in Rorty’s post-epistemological utopia’.

The underlying argument then is that critique and emancipation would seem to require some element of philosophical realism as a basis. The identification of real structures, powers and tendencies is necessary to enable us to uncover ideological distortions and forms of domination, and to carry out thought experiments to explore the possibility of different, and better, social organizations.

Keith Basset, “Is There Progress in Human Geography? The problem of progress in the light of recent work in the philosophy and sociology of science,” Progress in Human Geography 23,1 (1999) p. 37–38

The honors thesis proposal is coming up soon.

Posted 1 year ago

Analytical Marxism? Causation? Area Studies? Collective Action? Generalization? All in one book?

It’s like a dream come true.

Posted 1 year ago
…but it is harmful to overlook the fundamental identity of the social sciences with history, and to mutilate research into human affairs by remodeling the social sciences into deformed likenesses of physics.

Alan Donagan, “Historical Understanding and the History of Philosophy”

The writings on the philosophy of geography are pretty thin on the ground, but it seems that many approaches from the philosophy of history are relevant to the research I want to do. History and geography deal with the same conceptual schema in many cases: constraining structures, environmental and social conditions, agency, etc. Donagan’s work seems like a good place to start.

Posted 1 year ago

Conversations with History: John Searle

“I think my problem, as is a problem for every philosopher, is to do philosophy well, you have to know everything.”

Posted 1 year ago
Geographers cannot remain neutral. But they can strive towards scientific rigor, integrity and honesty. The difference between the two commitments must be understood. There are many windows from which to view the same world, but scientific integrity demands that we faithfully record and analyze what we see from any one of them. The view from China looking outwards or from the lower classes looking up is very different from that from the Pentagon or Wall Street. But each view can be represented in a common frame of discourse, subject to evaluation as to internal integrity and credibility.
David Harvey, “On the History and Present Condition of Geography: A Historical Materialist Manifesto,” The Professional Geographer 36(1), 1984
Posted 1 year ago

David Harvey- A Talk on Marx’s Method

(filmed at UC Berkeley)